Unveiling carrier dynamics and enabling functional imaging via a multispectral quantum dot upconversion infrared image sensor

초록

Near-infrared (NIR) image sensors are crucial for biomedical and imaging applications. However, conventional sensors rely on pixelated architectures and offer limited spectral information. Numerous upconversion devices have emerged to address these shortcomings. However, most are limited to monochromatic emission, which restricts data richness and hinders the analysis of charge transport mechanisms. This study presents the multispectral quantum dot upconversion infrared image sensor (M-QUIS), which enables color-resolved IR sensing alongside the concurrent investigation of carrier dynamics. By incorporating red, green, and blue quantum dots within a single emissive layer, M-QUIS achieves IR-intensity-dependent emission through bandgap-engineered and inter-QD radiative energy transfer, which cooperatively govern cascaded recombination across the QD ensemble. Moreover, its vertically stacked photodetector-emitter structure enables independent modulation of electrons and holes via IR illumination and electrical bias. This dual-input control scheme provides a robust spectroscopic tool for analyzing charge transport. M-QUIS clarifies fundamental carrier behavior. It also enables real-time physiological sensing and maintains functionality under mechanical strain, demonstrating strong potential for wearable and diagnostic applications. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

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