Driving without a Steering Wheel: Designing a Multilevel Feedback Interface for Passenger Anxiety in the Transition to Level 4 Autonomous Mobility

초록

As autonomous mobility approaches Level 4, we are now in a transitional phase shaped by fundamental changes in how passengers perceive safety, trust, and control. This study proposes a concept of multilevel feedback interface to alleviate passenger anxiety toward autonomous systems during this critical shift. The interface adopts a hybrid multilevel feedback approach, consisting of four distinct modes-Standby, Infotainment, Indicating, and Control-that respond to varying levels and sources of passenger anxiety through tactile and graphical cues. We present the concept, design process, and implementation of this interface, which aims to envision future autonomous mobility systems that are emotionally responsive, trust-enhancing, and passenger-centered. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

키워드