공영주차장 스마트주차시스템 속성별 선호와 지불의사액 추정: 경기도 이용자 이산선택실험

초록

Rapid urbanization has intensified traffic congestion, increased parking demand, and raised land costs, making the efficient operation of public parking facilities a critical urban policy challenge. Smart Parking Systems (SPS) have been promoted as an effective solution; however, their adoption in Korea remains limited. Moreover, conventional economic feasibility analyses of public parking projects tend to focus primarily on external traffic-related benefits, while overlooking improvements in user convenience within parking facilities. This study addresses this gap by examining user preferences and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for key SPS attributes among public parking users in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The primary objective is to provide empirical evidence supporting the inclusion of service quality improvements in the benefit structure of public parking project evaluations. A Discrete Choice Experiment was conducted, and a Conditional Logit Model was employed to estimate attribute-specific utility parameters and corresponding WTP values. The results indicate that reductions in internal parking congestion, measured by parking search time, exert the strongest influence on user choice and WTP. In addition, shorter walking distances to final destinations and the provision of SPS services generate statistically significant positive utility. Among individual SPS components, Automatic Number Plate Recognition yields the highest WTP, followed by mobile parking information services and real-time parking availability information. An extended model further reveals that users traveling for commuting or transfer purposes exhibit higher preferences for SPS attributes. These findings demonstrate that user convenience benefits derived from SPS implementation should be incorporated into the benefit–cost analysis of public parking projects, alongside external benefits such as traffic flow improvements. From a policy perspective, the results provide a basis for prioritizing and phasing the introduction of Smart Parking Systems in public parking facilities.

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