세대 간 상호작용 증진을 위한 도시공원의 인클루시브 디자인계획특성 및 적용방안 연구

초록

(Background and Purpose) As rapid demographic change has reduced intergenerational interaction and deepened social disconnection, urban parks have become increasingly important as public spaces that can restore social connection. Based on the inclusive design principles proposed by CABE (2006) and Whyte(1980) observations of public space behavior, this study aims to derive the planning characteristics of inclusive design for urban parks, to develop them into an evaluation framework, and to apply this framework to representative urban parks in the Seoul metropolitan area, thereby proposing planning directions and design guidelines that support intergenerational interaction. (Method) The inclusive design principles of CABE (2006) were reinterpreted from the perspective of urban park planning, and seven planning characteristics—accessibility, connectivity, visibility, activity diversity, stayability, inclusiveness, and social sustainability—were derived on the basis of Whyte's (1980) observational concepts of public space and Gehl's (2011) theory of spatial behavior. These characteristics were linked to the park facility classifications defined in the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Urban Parks and Green Areas to construct an evaluation framework. Field surveys were conducted at Seoul Forest, Olympic Park, Gwanggyo Lake Park, and Bundang Central Park, examining one activity-oriented node and one waterfront node in each park, and 18 observation items (maximum score: 36 points) were assessed using a three-level scale (0–2 points). (Results) Seoul Forest received the highest score (33.5 points, 93%), showing outstanding stayability and inclusiveness through the connection between activity spaces and diverse seating types. Gwanggyo Lake Park followed with 32.5 points (90%), demonstrating a strong connection between barrier-free waterfront circulation and family-oriented activity spaces. In contrast, Olympic Park (24.0 points, 67%) had well-developed cultural and sports facilities but showed limitations in its spectator-oriented spatial organization and stay environment, and Bundang Central Park received the lowest score (22.0 points, 61%) owing to the imbalance in age-specific facilities and the limited diversity of activity nodes. A clear difference in the level of inclusive design was identified between parks developed in the 2000s and later and those developed during the 1980s and 1990s, indicating that the spatial arrangement of facilities is a key factor supporting intergenerational interaction. (Conclusions) This study reinterpreted the principles of inclusive design from the perspective of urban park planning, systematized them into evaluable planning characteristics and facility types, and proposed an evaluation framework centered on the spatial arrangement and use environment of facilities rather than their mere provision. Furthermore, by proposing relationship-oriented design guidelines that support intergenerational interaction, this study is expected to serve as a foundational reference for the future planning and design of urban parks and for the evaluation of inclusive design.

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