중세 시대 산티아고 순례의 다양한 모습

초록

Today, the pilgrimage to Santiago is often criticized for having lost its original piety and become secularized; underlying this criticism is the assumption that this was not the case in the Middle Ages. The purpose of this paper is to examine the various aspects of the medieval pilgrimage to Santiago and demonstrate that medieval pilgrimages were not driven solely by piety but also by a variety of secular motivations. First, since pilgrimages were undertaken for the purpose of atonement, there were cases where people voluntarily set out on a pilgrimage for the sake of their faith. When someone wished to go on a pilgrimage for religious reasons but was unable to go in person, they would sometimes send a proxy. An integral part of religious motivations was the pilgrimage for healing or miracles. Since Saint James had no specific area of expertise in healing, he was regarded as a saint capable of curing all kinds of illnesses. On the other hand, there were also pilgrimages that were somewhat removed from religious faith. Some were undertaken for tourism, and in some cases, pilgrimages were imposed as a punishment in lieu of criminal penalties. There were even instances where married women used pilgrimages as an opportunity to meet their lovers, and there were pimps and kidnappers who disguised themselves as pilgrims. In fact, medieval pilgrimage routes were teeming with swindlers and thieves. These case studies show that the pilgrimage to Santiago was not driven solely by religious devotion but by a variety of motivations. Given that some even used it as an opportunity for deviant behavior or for human trafficking, it can be said that these pilgrimages had far more secular purposes and motivations than those of today.

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