애니메이션 산업 제작자 대상 델파이 조사를 통한 3DGS 기반 디지털 2D 애니메이션 배경 파이프라인의 레이아웃 제작 기능 도출 연구

초록

This study aims to identify the 3D Gaussian Splatting (hereafter, 3DGS)-based production functions required at the layout stage of the digital 2D animation background production pipeline. To this end, 14 initial function items were developed by analyzing previous studies on layout and previsualization, animation production cases combining 2D characters with 3D backgrounds, and the functions of Postshot and WithVision, which are 3DGS-based spatial reconstruction tools. A two-round Delphi survey was subsequently conducted with 10 animation industry practitioners who had at least three years of professional experience. The data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, content validity ratio (CVR), degree of consensus, and degree of convergence. Based on the results of the first-round survey and the open-ended responses, the names and scopes of the functions were revised and integrated, and new items were added, resulting in 12 items for the second-round survey. The second-round results showed that seven items — camera control, shot and camera preset management, layer separation, object selection and deletion, object transparency adjustment, integration with existing production tools, and resolution and aspect ratio settings — met all criteria for the CVR, degree of consensus, and degree of convergence and were therefore identified as the final core functions. In contrast, camera keyframe control, dummy object addition, 3D data and camera data import, perspective guide display, and 2D animation style conversion did not meet the evaluation criteria and were not included among the final core functions. The concentration of the selected functions on camera and shot management, scene element editing, integration with existing production tools, and screen composition review suggests that a 3DGS-based production environment should be designed as a supportive environment for reviewing camera viewpoints, composition, and spatial relationships at the layout stage and for connecting the resulting layout to the existing 2D production process, rather than as a tool that directly completes the visual representation of the background. This study is significant in that it specifies the functions required for 3DGS-based layout production through consensus among animation industry practitioners and provides foundational criteria that can be used to configure related production environments in future work.

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