Gaia-X의 판단 구조와 연합형 데이터 거버넌스의 개념화

초록

This study conceptualizes Gaia-X as a distinct type of federated data governance rather than merely a European policy initiative or technical infrastructure. It compares Gaia-X with two representative models—centralized public data governance and platform-centered data market governance—using three analytical criteria: the distribution of control authority, the implementation of data sovereignty, and the timing and mechanism of trust formation. The analysis shows that conventional models rely heavily on ex-post judgment through approval, contractual interpretation, and audit after data use, whereas Gaia-X structures key decisions, such as participant qualification, usage conditions, and compliance with shared rules, more explicitly at the pre-use stage. The Catena-X case further indicates that this ex-ante orientation plays an important role in practice, but remains partial, since compliance with usage policies and responsibility attribution still depend considerably on contractual and organizational enforcement. The study therefore argues that data governance should be understood not simply as a matter of technical implementation, but as a problem of structuring the conditions under which decisions about access and use are made. On this basis, Gaia-X is interpreted as a design principle that shifts part of the burden of ex-post judgment toward pre-use verification and contractual structuring.

키워드