Planning urban parks beyond equal access with multi-dimensional spatial equity analysis in Busan

초록

Urban parks play crucial role for enhancing urban sustainability, yet their benefits are often inequitably distributed. In Busan Metropolitan City, urban planning aims at achieving equity in urban park distribution but has no clear and operational definitions of equity, and therefore a gap between planning and implementation follows. This study develops and applies a multi-dimensional spatial equity framework to identify priority areas for park provision. Using an Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) model on a high-resolution 100 m x 100 m grid, we analyze park accessibility and identify park supply priority for six distinct population groups: residential, daytime, elderly, low-income, children, and a composite vulnerable population, in order to support Busan's park planning goals of achieving sustainability and equity. The results reveal significant spatial inequality across all criteria, with Gini coefficients exceeding 0.7. The analysis identified a significant overlap in underserved communities across the six demand criteria, while also revealing that unique priority areas emerge depending on the equity lens applied (e.g., residential vs. vulnerable populations). This study provides a data-driven decision-support tool for policymakers, concluding that a need-based approach prioritizing vulnerable groups is a pathway to resolve social inequity and promote urban sustainability.

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