도시 포켓파크의 공간 유형 및 특성 분석에 관한 연구 -중국 상하이 사례를 중심으로-

초록

(Background and Purpose) As urban development in China shifts from quantitative expansion toward qualitative improvement, pocket parks have become increasingly important for supplementing insufficient green space in high-density urban areas and supporting residents' daily leisure and recreational activities. However, previous studies have primarily focused on design strategies, ecological functions, and user behavior, while relatively limited attention has been paid to the integrated analysis of spatial types and physical spatial characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to establish an analytical framework for examining both the spatial types and spatial characteristics of pocket parks in Shanghai's core urban districts and to investigate their commonalities and differences through selected case studies. (Method) First, the definitions and concepts of pocket parks were reviewed based on Chinese national documents, Shanghai municipal documents, and nationwide reference guidelines. Classification criteria for spatial types and analytical elements of spatial characteristics were then extracted from relevant previous studies and official documents. Based on conceptual similarities and semantic relationships, an integrated analytical framework was constructed. The study selected seven medium-sized pocket parks developed in 2023 from Huangpu, Xuhui, Jing' an, Changning, Putuo, Hongkou, and Yangpu districts. Field investigations, spatial photographs, public datasets, and related planning documents were used to qualitatively examine site context, spatial organization, facility arrangement, planting and landscape elements, pedestrian circulation, and patterns of use. (Results) Through the analysis of previous studies and official documents, pocket parks were classified into five spatial types: residential, commercial, transportation, business, and public-service types. Eight dimensions of spatial characteristics were also identified: locality, sustainability, supportiveness, usability, landscape quality, interaction, openness, and connectivity. The framework was subsequently applied to the seven cases to identify their spatial types and compare the ways in which these characteristics were expressed. The findings indicate that openness and usability were relatively prominent in most cases, reflecting an emphasis on pedestrian accessibility and everyday use. In contrast, supportiveness and locality were comparatively limited in some cases, indicating insufficient activity-support facilities and weak expressions of place identity. The analysis also revealed that pocket parks belonging to the same spatial type could exhibit different combinations of characteristics depending on their site context, facility configuration, and patterns of use. This suggests that spatial types and spatial characteristics do not correspond in a fixed one-to-one relationship. (Conclusions) The significance of this study lies in integrating spatial type classification and spatial characteristic analysis, which have often been addressed separately in previous research, into a unified framework. The proposed framework can be used to examine both the locational and functional nature of pocket parks and the ways in which their physical spaces are realized, while also supporting systematic comparisons of similarities and differences among cases. However, as this study is an exploratory qualitative case study based on seven examples, its findings should be interpreted within the scope of the selected cases rather than generalized to all pocket parks. The results may provide a fundamental reference for the spatial analysis, planning, and design of pocket parks in Shanghai and other major Chinese cities.

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