위험 형성 과정 기반 발달장애인 근로자의 산업안전 서비스 디자인 연구 -현장관찰과 Co-design을 통한 위험 형성 구조 도출을 중심으로-

초록

Recent advances in occupational safety have led to the development of various safety management services utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and wearable sensors. However, most existing services are designed for the general workforce and do not adequately reflect the sensory, cognitive, behavioral, and collaborative characteristics of workers with developmental disabilities. Furthermore, prior studies have focused primarily on risk detection technologies and post-accident responses, while relatively little attention has been paid to how risk is formed throughout the work process and when service interventions should occur. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the risk formation process of workers with developmental disabilities and, on this basis, to propose design directions for human–AI collaborative occupational safety services. The study first reviewed the characteristics of workers with developmental disabilities, occupational safety theories, and representative domestic and international occupational safety service cases. Field observations, preliminary in-depth interviews, and a Co-design workshop were then conducted at a social-enterprise manufacturing site producing toilet paper and candles. The collected data were integrated and comparatively analyzed to structure the recurring patterns of risk formation, from which stage-specific service intervention points and service opportunities were derived. Within the limited scope of these cases, the findings suggest that industrial accident risk develops progressively through a six-stage Risk Formation Structure, comprising sensory stimuli signaling risk, risk perception and interpretation, behavioral response, collaborative coordination with managers, risk accumulation, and, ultimately, the occurrence of an industrial accident. In particular, when the difficulties at each stage were not resolved and accumulated, the likelihood of an accident appeared to increase, and the period from risk perception and interpretation to collaborative coordination could be interpreted as a Golden Time, in which Near Misses were relatively concentrated. Building on these observations, five service opportunities were derived—multimodal risk perception support, explanation-based situation comprehension support, behavioral guidance support, real-time collaboration support, and personalized safety learning support—which were further specified as AS-IS/TO-BE UX design strategies and Human-in-the-Loop (HITL)-based human- AI collaboration intervention directions. As an exploratory study based on a small number of cases, the significance of this research lies less in the generalizability of its results than in reinterpreting occupational safety from post-accident response to a risk-formation-process perspective, and in proposing the possibility of human–AI collaborative service design that reflects the characteristics of workers with developmental disabilities. Furthermore, by presenting the Risk Formation Structure, service opportunities, UX design strategies, and collaboration intervention directions in an integrated manner, this study provides foundational material for thedevelopment of inclusive occupational safety services.

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