Tracing Disorder: Environmental Catalysts for Misdemeanors and Felonies in Chicago

초록

The physical environment influencing crime occurrence has been consistently studied, with a primary focus on felonies. However, while the majority of police efforts are dedicated to preventing and addressing misdemeanors, research on their causes remains relatively insufficient. Furthermore, the factors influencing the occurrence of misdemeanors and felonies may differ. This study aims to analyze the impact of Chicago's physical environmental disorder on the occurrence of misdemeanors and felonies, identifying distinct environmental factors for each crime type. By utilizing Chicago's 311 request and complaint data alongside crime data, the study evaluates the effects of various physical environmental factors-including graffiti, abandoned vehicles, broken streetlights, and illegal liquor sales-on crime occurrence through spatial regression analysis. The findings reveal significant spatial autocorrelation for both crime types, indicating that a disorderly environment in neighboring areas tends to promote crime occurrence. Specifically, trash and abandoned spaces were more strongly associated with misdemeanors, whereas graffiti and illegal liquor shops had a greater influence on felony occurrences. This study suggests community-specific crime prevention and urban planning strategies tailored to each crime type and offers policy recommendations for creating safer communities.

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