디지털 트윈 도시 인터페이스의 경험 요인과 시민 참여 경험의 관계 －지각된 참여의 매개효과를 중심으로－

초록

(Background and Purpose) Urban digital twins translate complex spatial and administrative data into interfaces that citizens can view and interpret. Research has largely treated these systems as technical infrastructures for modeling, management, and simulation, with less attention paid to how the interface experience shapes citizen involvement. From a public design perspective, the interface is a digital public environment, and its value depends not only on data accuracy but also on whether urban information is understandable, accessible, and meaningful to citizens. Therefore, this study examines how perceived realism and emotional engagement contribute to perceived participation and how perceived participation, in turn, relates to the overall participation experience. Here, perceived participation refers to the subjective sense of participating in exploring and interpreting urban information; it does not mean submitting opinions, joining collective decisions, or affecting policies. (Method) Seoul's S-Map was used to create an approximately 100-second video stimulus showing three-dimensional city visualization, viewpoint movement, information-layer activation, and location-specific information checks. The video held the visual and spatial sequence constant across the respondents. The participants then completed an online questionnaire measuring perceived realism, emotional engagement, perceived participation, and overall participation experience on a seven-point Likert scale. The analysis used 412 valid responses from Chinese respondents. The hypothesized paths and mediating role of perceived participation were tested using regression and bootstrapping procedures. (Results) Perceived realism and emotional engagement were positively associated with perceived participation, and perceived participation was positively associated with the overall participation experience. Perceived participation also significantly mediated the relationship between each interface experience factor and the overall participation experience. These relationships are consistent with an experiential pathway: realistic representation connects displayed information to the actual city, while emotional engagement sustains attention. When exploration feels personally relevant and participatory, the overall evaluation is more positive. These results concern video-induced perceptions rather than verified civic action or policy influences. (Conclusions) This study extends urban digital twin research from technological performance to the public design of citizen-facing experiences. It distinguishes subjective participation formed at the interface from formal participation in governance and identifies perceived participation as the experiential link through which realism and emotional engagement relate to the overall evaluation. In practice, designers should strengthen spatial correspondence, visual clarity, comprehensible information layers, and continuity of exploration; operators should explain selectable information and exploration paths; and evaluators should assess perceived realism, emotional engagement, perceived participation, and the overall participation experience. Interactive feedback, opinion submission, and policy-response functions remain future design directions because they were not tested in the stimulus. The findings are limited to a single platform, a standardized video, and self-reported perceptions and should be examined through direct interaction with broader user groups.

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