원·명·청 시대 首都 북경과 陪都의 변천

초록

Although Beijing remained the primary capital throughout Late Imperial China, auxiliary capitals had shifted continuously from one dynasty to another. Shangdu in the Yuan, Nanjing in the Ming, and Chengde and Shengjing in the Qing each played the role of auxiliary capital for the respective dynasties. This fact brings up a number of questions regarding the relationship between primary and auxiliary capitals. First, what correlation did the location and role of the auxiliary capital have with the primary capital of Beijing? Second, did the change of ruling ethnicities and heads of state trigger changes in the administrative methods of both the primary and auxiliary capitals? Third, if so, what similarities and differences can we find between not only the northern clans and the Han Chinese but also between the Mongol and the Manchu in their respective methods of administration of the imperial capital?This paper seeks to synthesize the results of existing researches on the above points of interest and to firmly identify the changes in the primary capital of Beijing and the auxiliary capitals. There will be a general depiction of the interrelations between changes of auxiliary capitals and changes in the dominant ethnicity of each dynasty.

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